How to Use This Formula Sheet
This comprehensive physics formula sheet is designed specifically for Class 9 and 10 students following the Punjab Board curriculum. Each formula is presented with its LaTeX representation, verbal description, and practical applications to help you understand not just what the formula is, but how and when to use it in solving numerical problems.
Tip: Create flashcards with these formulas and practice applying them to different types of problems. Understanding the derivation and application of each formula is more important than mere memorization.
1. Motion Formulas
Average Acceleration
Average acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. It measures how quickly an object's velocity changes over a specific time interval.
Equations of Motion
These three equations describe the motion of objects with constant acceleration. They are fundamental to solving kinematics problems.
Speed Conversion Formulas
These conversion factors are essential for solving problems where units need to be consistent. Always convert all measurements to the same unit system before calculations.
2. Motion Under Gravity
Equations of Motion Under Gravity
For objects moving under gravity, acceleration $a$ is replaced by gravitational acceleration $g$. The sign of $g$ depends on the direction of motion.
Important Notes for Gravity Problems
- For bodies falling down freely: Value of $g$ is positive ($+9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$) and $v_i = 0$
- For bodies moving upward: Value of $g$ is negative ($-9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$) and $v_f = 0$ at maximum height
- Always consider the direction of motion when assigning signs to $g$
3. Force and Motion
Newton's Laws and Related Formulas
These formulas describe the relationship between force, mass, acceleration, and momentum in various physical situations.
4. Momentum and Impulse
Impulse Formulas
Impulse is the product of force and time, and it equals the change in momentum of an object.
5. Vectors and Equilibrium
Vector Operations and Equilibrium Conditions
These formulas are essential for analyzing forces as vectors and determining when objects are in equilibrium.
Equilibrium Conditions
For an object to be in equilibrium, both the net force and net torque acting on it must be zero.
(Translational Equilibrium)
(Rotational Equilibrium)
6. Work, Energy and Power
Work, Energy and Power Formulas
These formulas describe the relationships between work, energy, power, and efficiency in physical systems.
7. Properties of Matter
Properties of Matter Formulas
These formulas describe the physical properties of matter including density, pressure, and fluid mechanics.
8. Temperature Conversions
Temperature Scale Conversions
These formulas allow conversion between different temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
Study Tips for Physics Formulas
- Understand, don't just memorize: Learn the derivation and meaning behind each formula
- Practice regularly: Solve numerical problems using these formulas daily
- Create flashcards: Write formulas on one side and explanations on the other
- Group related formulas: Study formulas by topic rather than randomly
- Check units: Always verify that units are consistent in calculations
- Review before exams: Go through this sheet regularly to keep formulas fresh in memory
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